A Child’s Gender Identity – Who Decides?

NHS statistics indicate that referrals for children wishing to change genders have rocketed in the past 5 years, initiating worldwide debate as to how to respond to this in a societal and legislative sense. Here, Eleanor Drury looks at how parents, schools, and the government approach the gender identity of children and the implications teachers face without the government’s promised guidance.

A child’s gender identity, who decides? A proposed bill in California, Assembly Bill 957, also known as the Transgender, Gender-Diverse and Intersex Youth Empowerment Act, would seek to brand parents as abusive if they refuse to affirm their transgender child’s identity and let children’s social services intervene in instances of the same.

The act stresses that it is part of a child’s health, safety and welfare for parents to support their child’s self-proclaimed gender identity and allows the courts to consider parental responses to these sorts of issues when determining custody disputes, further encouraging the judiciary to strongly consider that affirming a child’s gender identity should fall within the realms of best interest decision making.

Here in the UK, legislators have taken a contrasting approach, with Suella Braverman MP stating that schools have no legal obligations which require them to address children by their preferred pronouns or names, nor accommodate them in opposite sex toilets or sports teams. In addition, the UK government are rumoured to be introducing new guidance which instructs teachers not to use a new name or pronoun, as requested by the student, without obtaining parental consent first.

Of course, the government must consider the implications this may have on children, with some educators accusing the government of creating an ‘atmosphere of fear’ whereby transgender children cannot access support from their teachers, along with potentially opening the floodgates for breaches of confidentiality claims. In addition, guidance such as this creates a particularly tricky environment to navigate given that it is common across schools nationwide for teachers to allow, and join in with, children being referred to by a name different to that which they were registered at birth with, such as a nickname. Schools will be no doubt be keen to ensure that they do not fall risk to direct discrimination complaints.

In modern society, the issue of children and gender identity is likely to continue to hit the headlines as reports of transgender and gender-fluid children soar. Government guidance is desperately needed in order to provide clarification in this controversial area and allow schools some relief from being caught in the crossfire of opposing views and beliefs. Last month, teachers at a school in Sussex were subject to controversy following the publishing of a secret recording in which teenage pupils were debating whether a person could identify as a cat, with one student brandishing this as ‘crazy’, only to be told by the teacher that these views were ‘despicable’, adding that if they didn’t like this, they need to find a different school. It appears that teachers are understandably fearful of what they say, and the consequences of the same, and therefore struggle to respond to students in a sensible and honest way. Without clear boundaries in this area, it can be argued that debates such as this only delegitimise and stigmatise young transgender people. The Association of School and College Leaders (ASCL) state that this underlines the need for the government to publish its promised guidance on children and gender identity, which the ASCL sought over 5 years ago.

Whilst it is extremely unlikely that any future guidance published in the UK will be so inclusive as to include children who wish to identify as animals, It will certainly be interesting to see if clarification will finally be provided for educators, and whether UK legislators are influenced by the differing proposals of the US in respect of gender dysphoria. Could it be that UK children’s social care may be forced to intervene in instances of disagreement between parent/guardian, and child?

If you or someone you know is affected by the issues raised in this blog post, we can provide you with expert legal advice. For more information, please get in touch with our specialist team at hello@mcalisterfamilylaw.co.uk

The cost-of-living crisis and its impact on financial remedy proceedings

One of the most discussed topics over the last few months has been the anticipated increase to the cost of living in the UK. The Office for National Statistics state that 9 in 10 adults in Britain have reported an increase in their cost of living. Here, Weronika Husejko takes a closer look at the impact of the cost-of-living crisis and how it will impact financial remedy proceedings.

What impact will this have?

Whilst the Government have recently announced measures to help tackle the crisis, including tax cuts and a £400 energy discount, there are other factors such as inflation which will inevitably increase all of our expenditure going forward.

The cost-of-living crisis is expected to see individuals fall into more debt than usual, experiencing difficulties meeting their standard outgoings and ability to afford other activities such as holidays.

This will be ever more relevant for those going through the process of separation, in particular those with a mid to low income. They will be amongst those most impacted by the significant increase in expenditure, one of the reasons being that it can be very difficult to adjust from a household with two incomes to that of one. Outgoings naturally increase upon separation as there are two households to upkeep as opposed to one.

Will this be taken into consideration within financial remedy proceedings?

When financial remedy proceedings are issued, the Court will direct that both parties are to complete a Form E of their financial disclosure. Within that form, there is a section relating to the income needs of yourself and your children.

Your income needs are your general expenditure, whether that be on an annual, monthly or weekly basis. This involves detailing a list of your regular outgoings such as rent, utility bills, food and clothing. This is an important part of financial remedy proceedings as it allows the Court to see what your outgoings are and how much you need to meet them. They can then compare it to how much income you have.

You are given the opportunity to state not only your ‘current’ income needs, but also your ‘future expected’ income needs. This is because the Court consider both current and future needs. Therefore, in circumstances where you expect your income needs to change, whether that be higher or lower, you can make this clear to the Court within your Form E.

The Form E also includes a ‘liabilities’ section which allows you to disclose any debts you have. Generally, ‘hard’ loans e.g. bank loans or credit cards will be taken into account by the Court, even if they have been incurred post-separation. As a result, if your debts increase due to the current economic circumstances, this may be relevant within financial proceedings.

It follows that if you have been or are going to be impacted by the cost-of-living increase, this may be taken into consideration by the Court within financial remedy proceedings.